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Calf Challenges & Solutions. Calf rearing is an essential aspect of dairy farming, and it requires proper care and management to ensure that the young animals develop into healthy, productive adult cows. Calves are born with an immature immune system, making them vulnerable to infections and diseases. Therefore, it's crucial to provide them with adequate nutrition, shelter, and healthcare to help them overcome the challenges of early life. Newborn calves face numerous challenges, from low birth weight to infections, digestive disorders, and respiratory illnesses. Some of the most common diseases that affect young calves include scours, pneumonia, navel infections, and coccidiosis. Scours, also known as diarrhea, is a common condition that affects calves in the first few weeks of life. It's usually caused by bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella, which thrive in unclean environments. Calves that are fed contaminated milk or water are at a higher risk of contracting scours,